2500 word essay how long introduction

CodeRed targeted webservers, serjtaran.000webhostapp.com computers of users. The CodeRed worm did different things depending on the day of the month. Most versions of CodeRed used the following schedule: The large number of bogus requests from CodeRed could mimic a denial-of-service attack on a webserver. President’s website was changed to defeat CodeRed. After the 28th day of the month, CodeRed goes into a sleep state until the next month, although the server is still infected.

Under certain circumstances, one early version of CodeRed running on a webserver that uses the English language will intercept requests for a webpage and return its own HTML code: After 10 hours, CodeRed again returns the proper requested webpage. The temporary unavailability of some webpages will cause concern to webmasters, then the problem will «magically» disappear, frustrating operators of webservers who are trying to find the problem.

Such commands could, for example, delete files from the webserver, or upload new files to the webserver. Perpetrator of CodeRed To the best of my knowledge, the author of the CodeRed worm was never identified, so there can be no legal consequences for him. Sircam The initial Sircam 2500 word essay how long introduction was discovered on 17 Julyabout the same time as CodeRed first appeared.

The worm arrived at a victim’s computer in e-mail with the following text: Thanks There are four different versions of the second line of the e-mail text: I send you this 2500 word essay how long introduction in order to have your advice I hope you can help me with this file that I send I hope you like the file that I sendo you This is the file with the information that you ask for Clicking on the attached file infects the victim with the Sircam worm.

Such mistakes in English text in an e-mail apparently from an English-speaking country should alert the reader to the possibility of e-mail from a forged address. The Sircam worm inflicts several 2500 words essay how long introduction on the victim: Sircam automatically sends copies of itself with the victim’s e-mail address as the From: The text of the e-mail was mentioned above.

The e-mail has one attachment which contains a copy of the Sircam worm followed by the contents of a file with file type. This document could contain the victim’s confidential information, which is then sent to numerous addresses.

The name of the attachment had a double file extension, which like Melissa and Anna above, is symptomatic of a malicious attachment. The filename and left extension of the attachment was identical to the copied file from the victim’s machine, Sircam then added a second file extension: Sircam uses its own internal mail program, so that copies of outgoing e-mail do not appear in the user’s e-mail program’s out-box.

The Sircam worm has a length of bytes. This large file size helps Sircam clog the Internet. Several anti-virus websites note that there is a bug in the Sircam worm that makes it «highly unlikely» that the disk-space-filling and file-deleting 2500 word essay how long introduction occur. However, the author of Sircam apparently intended those harms to occur.

Perpetrator of SirCam To the best of my knowledge, the author of the SirCam worm was never identified, so there can be no legal consequences casaluma.staging.truecode.pt him.

A copyright notice in the Sircam code says that this worm was made in Mexico, but I have seen no 2500 word essay how long introduction that this statement is correct. Nimda The Nimda worm was discovered on 18 September and it spread rapidly on the Internet. Nimda had two novel features: online assignment writing that contained a copy of Nimda.

With all previous viruses or worms transmitted by e-mail, the user would need Dissertation rose school user’s computer. Nimda could modify webpages on a webserver, so that accessing those webpages could download a copy of Nimda to the browser’s computer.

These two novel features represented a significant «advance» in ability to harm victims. Most modern e-mail is sent in HTML format, the same format used by webpages, and e-mail software e.

The Nimda worm propagates in several different ways: By exploiting a defect in Windows, the Nimda worm is able to act as an administrator.

What is Evolution?

Once a webserver was infected by Nimda, the worm adds a small amount of Javascript code to webpages on that server with filenames: Nimda also creates a copy of itself in a file, readme.

Once every ten days, Nimda 2500 words essay how long introduction the hard drive of an infected computer to harvest e-mail addresses from the following sources: After harvesting e-mail addresses, Nimda 2500 words essay how long introduction one of these addresses as the From: Note that the infected computer is not used as the From: Nimda like Sircam uses its own internal mail program, so that copies of outgoing e-mail do not appear in the user’s e-mail program’s out-box.

As mentioned aboveNimda can infect the recipient’s machine when the recipient either reads or previews the e-mail, without needing to click on an attachment.

Such executable files are sometimes transferred to other computers, which will spread the Nimda infection. On 11 Octhundreds of e-mails containing Nimda were sent with forged From: Such forged source addresses, whether a deliberate act or whether a random occurrence caused by execution of a malicious program, damages the reputation of innocent people.

I elaborate on this point later in this essay, in discussing the Klez program. The Nimda worm has a length of bytes, which makes it a relatively large file compared to many webpages and e-mail messages.

This number steadily dropped as the widespread use of home computers became more common. A report on the everyday usage of personal 2500 words essay how long introduction within the home found that men were both far more likely to use a computer, and to use it for more hours per 2500 word essay how long introduction than women.

As ofwomen made up just Much attention has been devoted to studying the reason for this drop in female computer science majors. Dissertation rose school central conclusion is that the first personal computers were essentially early gaming systems that firmly catered to males.

While early word processing tools were also available, the marketing narrative told the story of a new device that met the needs of men. According to the American Association of University Womenthere are a number of possible steps towards reversing this trend and encouraging more female students to undertake computer science. By fostering an interest in scientific topics at an early age or working to remove negative connotations and barriers, educators and parents can work together to help girls maintain confidence and curiosity in STEM 2500 words essay how long introduction.

For professionals already in the field, women can offer to be role models and mentors, while men can take a stand against sexist or prejudiced behavior in the workplace. Why should women want to work in computer science? Due to the marketing strategies of the last three decades, many women have developed misconceptions about computer science. While the notion of the geek coder is alive and well, many young women may be unaware of the myriad jobs available and the 2500 word essay how long introduction to make a palpable difference.

Since P elements actively 2500 word essay how long introduction in the genome they are themselves parasites of DNAone incorporated itself into the genome of a melanogaster fly and subsequently spread through the species. Laboratory stocks of melanogaster caught prior to the ‘s lack of P elements. All natural populations today harbor them.

Overview of Evolution within a Lineage Evolution is a change in the gene pool of a population over time; it can occur due to 2500 word essay how long introduction factors. Three 2500 words essay how long introduction add new alleles to the gene pool: Two mechanisms remove alleles, genetic 2500 word essay how long introduction and natural selection. Drift removes alleles randomly from the gene pool.

Selection removes deleterious alleles Engelsk essay subway the gene pool.

The amount of genetic variation found in a population is the balance between the actions of these mechanisms. Natural selection can also increase the frequency of an allele. Selection that weeds out harmful alleles is called negative selection. Selection that increases the frequency of helpful alleles is called positive, or sometimes positive Darwinian, selection. A new allele can also drift to high frequency.

But, since the change in frequency of an allele each generation is random, nobody speaks of positive or negative drift. Except in rare cases of high gene flow, new alleles enter the gene pool as a single copy.

Most new alleles added to the gene pool are lost almost immediately due to drift or selection; only a small percent ever reach a high frequency in the 2500 word essay how long introduction.

Even most moderately beneficial alleles are lost due to drift when they appear. But, a mutation can reappear numerous times. The fate of any new allele depends a great deal on the organism it appears in. This allele will be linked to the other alleles near it for many generations. A mutant allele can increase in frequency simply because it is linked to a beneficial essay writing general to specific at a nearby locus.

This can occur even if the mutant allele is deleterious, although it must not be so deleterious as to offset the benefit of the other allele. Likewise a potentially beneficial new allele can be eliminated from the gene pool because it was linked to deleterious alleles when it first arose.

An allele «riding on the coat tails» of a beneficial allele is called a hitchhiker. Eventually, recombination will bring the two loci to linkage equilibrium.

But, the more closely linked two alleles are, the longer the hitchhiking will last. The effects of selection and drift are coupled. Drift is intensified as selection pressures increase. This is because increased selection i. Adaptation is brought about by cumulative natural selection, the repeated sifting of mutations by natural selection. Small changes, favored by selection, can online assignment help the stepping-stone to further changes.

The summation of large numbers of these changes is macroevolution. Lamarck published a theory of evolution in Lamarck thought that species arose continually from nonliving sources. These species were initially very primitive, but increased in complexity over time due to some inherent tendency.

This type of 2500 word essay how long introduction is called orthogenesis. Lamarck proposed that an organism’s acclimation to the environment could be passed on to its offspring. For example, he thought proto-giraffes stretched their necks to reach higher twigs.

This caused their offspring to be born with longer necks. This proposed mechanism of evolution is called the inheritance of acquired characteristics. Lamarck also believed species never went extinct, although they may change into newer forms.

All three of these ideas are now Anatomy and physiology chapter 9 homework to be wrong. Darwin’s contributions include hypothesizing the pattern of common descent and proposing a mechanism for evolution — natural selection. In Darwin’s theory of natural selection, new variants arise continually within populations.

A small percentage of these variants cause their bearers to produce more offspring than others. These variants thrive and supplant their less productive competitors. The effect of numerous instances of selection would lead to a species being modified over time. Darwin’s theory did not accord with older theories of genetics. In Darwin’s time, biologists held to the theory of blending inheritance — an offspring was an average of its parents.

How to Save Europe

If an individual had one short parent and one tall parent, it would be of medium height. And, the offspring would pass on genes for medium sized offspring. If this was the case, new genetic variations would quickly be diluted out of a population.

guess the emoji homework and boy carries genes for 2500 word essay how long introduction and tallness.

The genes remain distinct and can be passed on to subsequent generations. Mendel mailed his paper to Darwin, but Darwin never opened it. It was a 2500 word essay how long introduction time until Mendel’s ideas were accepted. One group of biologists, called biometricians, thought Mendel’s laws only held for a few traits. Most traits, they claimed, were governed by blending inheritance. Mendel studied discrete traits. Two of the traits in his famous experiments were smooth versus wrinkled coat on peas.

This trait did not vary continuously. In other words, peas are either wrinkled or smooth — intermediates are not found. Biometricians considered these traits aberrations. They studied continuously varying traits like size and believed most traits showed blending inheritance. Incorporating Genetics into Evolutionary Theory The 2500 word essay how long introduction genes Mendel discovered 2500 word essay how long introduction exist at some frequency in natural populations.

Biologists wondered how and if these frequencies would change. Many thought that the more common versions of genes would increase in frequency simply because they academic essay writing tips Hardy and Weinberg independently showed that the 2500 word essay how long introduction of an allele would not change over time simply due to its being rare or common.

Their model had several assumptions — that all alleles reproduced at the same rate, that the population size was very large and that alleles did not change in form. Fisher showed that Mendel’s laws could explain continuous traits if the expression of these 2500 words essay how long introduction were due to the action of many genes.

After this, geneticists accepted Mendel’s Laws as the basic rules of genetics. From this basis, Fisher, Sewall Wright and J. Haldane founded the 2500 word essay how long introduction of population genetics. Population genetics get essay a field of biology that attempts to measure and explain the 2500 words essay how long introduction of genetic variation in populations.

Fisher studied the effect of natural selection on large populations. He demonstrated that even very small selective differences amongst alleles could cause appreciable changes in allele frequencies over time. He also showed that the rate of adaptive change in a population is proportional to the amount of genetic variation present.

Although it is called the fundamental theorem, it does not hold in all cases. The rate at which natural selection brings about adaptation depends on the details of how selection is working. In some rare cases, natural selection can actually cause a decline in the mean relative fitness of a population. Sewall Wright was more concerned with drift. He stressed that large populations are often subdivided into many subpopulations. In his theory, genetic 2500 word essay how long introduction played a more important role compared to selection.

Differentiation between subpopulations, followed by migration among them, could contribute to adaptations amongst populations. Wright also came up with the idea of the adaptive landscape — an idea that remains influential to this day. Its influence remains even though P. Moran has shown that, mathematically, adaptive landscapes don’t exist as Wright envisioned them. Wright extended his results of one-locus models to a two-locus case in proposing the adaptive landscape. But, unbeknownst to him, the general conclusions pay for papers written the one-locus model don’t extend to the two-locus case.

Haldane developed many of the mathematical models of natural and artificial selection. He showed that selection and mutation could oppose each other, that deleterious mutations could remain in a population due to recurrent mutation.

He also demonstrated that there was a cost to natural selection, placing a limit on the amount of adaptive substitutions a population could undergo in a given time frame. For a long time, population genetics developed as a theoretical field.

But, gathering the data needed to test the theories was nearly impossible. Prior to the advent of molecular biology, estimates of Accounts receivable system thesis variability could only be inferred from 2500 words essay how long introduction of morphological differences in populations.

Lewontin and Hubby were the first to cheap writing paper showed that it was likely that they could not detect all the variation that was present.

Upon finding this level of variation, the question became — was this maintained by natural selection, or simply the result of genetic drift? This level of variation was too high to be Algebra 1 practice and problem solving workbook pearson by balancing selection.

Motoo Kimura theorized that most variation found in populations was selectively equivalent neutral. Multiple alleles at a locus differed in sequence, but their fitnesses were the same. Kimura’s neutral theory described rates of evolution and 2500 words essay how long introduction of polymorphism solely in terms of mutation and genetic drift.

The neutral theory did not deny that natural selection acted on 2500 word essay how long introduction populations; but it claimed that the majority of natural variation was transient polymorphisms of neutral alleles. Selection did not act frequently or strongly enough to influence rates of evolution or levels of polymorphism. Initially, a wide variety of observations seemed to be consistent with the neutral theory.

Eventually, however, several lines of evidence toppled it. There is less variation in natural populations than the neutral theory predicts.

Also, there is too much variance in rates of substitutions in different lineages to be explained by mutation and drift alone. Finally, selection itself has been shown to have an impact on levels of nucleotide variation.

Currently, there is no comprehensive mathematical theory of evolution that accurately predicts rates of evolution and levels of heterozygosity in natural populations.

The popular notion that evolution can be represented as a series of improvements from simple cells, through more complex life forms, to humans the pinnacle of evolutioncan be traced to the concept of the scale of nature.

This view is incorrect. All species have descended from a common ancestor. As time went on, different lineages of organisms were modified with descent to adapt to their environments. Thus, evolution is best viewed as a branching tree or bush, with the tips of each branch representing currently living species. No living organisms today are our ancestors.

Every living species is as fully modern as we are with its own unique evolutionary history. No extant species are «lower life forms,» atavistic stepping 2500 words essay how long introduction paving the road to 2500 word essay how long introduction. A related, and common, fallacy about evolution is that humans evolved from some living species of ape.

This is not the case — humans and apes share a common ancestor. Both humans and living apes are fully modern species; the ancestor we evolved from was an ape, but it is now extinct and was not the same as present day apes or humans for that matter.

If it were not for the vanity of human beings, we would be classified as an ape. Our closest relatives are, collectively, the chimpanzee and the pygmy chimp. Our next nearest relative is the gorilla. Evidence for Common Descent and Macroevolution Microevolution can be studied directly.

Macroevolution is studied by examining patterns in biological populations and groups of related organisms and inferring process from pattern. Business plan for medical services biological diversity we see today.

Evidence for macroevolution, or 2500 word essay how long introduction ancestry and modification with descent, comes from several 2500 word essay how long introduction fields of study. Closely related species as determined by morphologists have similar gene sequences. Overall sequence similarity is not the whole story, however. The pattern of differences we see in closely related genomes is worth examining.

DNA is composed of strings of nucleotides. There are four different academic writing and its features of nucleotides: Genes are sequences of nucleotides that code for proteins. Within a gene, each block of three nucleotides is called a codon. Each codon designates an amino acid the subunits of proteins. The three letter code is the 2500 word essay how long introduction for all organisms with a few exceptions.

There are 64 codons, but only 20 amino acids to code for; so, most amino acids are coded for by several codons. In many cases the first two nucleotides in the codon designate the amino acid. The third position can have any of the four nucleotides and not effect how the code is translated. Messenger RNA is then translated via cellular machinery called ribosomes into a string of amino acids — a protein. Some proteins function as enzymes, 2500 words essay how long introduction that speed the chemical reactions in cells.

Others are structural or involved in regulating development. Gene sequences in closely related species are very similar. Often, the same codon specifies a given amino acid in two related species, even though alternate codons could serve functionally as well. But, some differences do exist in gene sequences. Most often, differences are in third codon positions, where changes in the DNA sequence would not disrupt the sequence of the protein.

There are other sites in the genome where nucleotide differences do not effect protein sequences. The genome of eukaryotes is loaded with ‘dead genes’ called pseudogenes. Pseudogenes are copies of working genes that have been inactivated by mutation. Most pseudogenes do not produce full proteins. They may be transcribed, but not translated. Or, they may be translated, z925003y.beget.tech only a truncated protein is produced.

Pseudogenes evolve much faster than their working counterparts. Mutations in them do not get incorporated into proteins, so they have no effect on the fitness of an organism. Introns are sequences of DNA that interrupt a gene, but do not code for anything. The 2500 word essay how long introduction portions of a gene are called exons. Introns are spliced out of the messenger RNA prior to translation, so they do not contribute information needed to make the protein. They are sometimes, however, involved in 2500 word essay how long introduction of the gene.

Like pseudogenes, introns in general evolve faster than coding portions of a gene. Nucleotide positions that can be changed without changing the sequence of a protein are called silent sites. Sites where changes result in an amino acid substitution are called replacement sites. Silent sites are expected to be more polymorphic 2500 word essay how long introduction a population and show more differences between populations. Although both silent and replacement sites receive the same amount of mutations, natural selection only infrequently allows changes at replacement sites.

Silent sites, however, are not as constrained. Kreitman cover letter for economist the first demonstrate that silent sites were more variable than coding sites.

Shortly after the methods of DNA sequencing Accounts receivable system thesis discovered, he sequenced 11 alleles of the enzyme 2500 word essay how long introduction dehydrogenase AdH. Of the 43 polymorphic 2500 word essay how long introduction sites he found, only one resulted in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein.

Silent sites may not be entirely selectively neutral. Some DNA 2500 words essay how long introduction are involved with regulation of genes, changes in these sites may be deleterious. Likewise, although several codons code for a single amino acid, an 2500 word essay how long introduction may have a preferred codon for each amino acid.

This is called codon bias. If two species shared a 2500 word essay how long introduction common ancestor one would expect genetic 2500 word essay how long introduction, even information such as redundant nucleotides and the position of introns or pseudogenes, to be similar. Both species would have inherited this information from their common ancestor.

The degree of similarity in nucleotide sequence is a function of divergence time. If two populations had recently separated, few differences would have built up between them. essay editing websites they separated long ago, each population would have evolved numerous differences from their common ancestor and each other.

The degree of similarity would also be a function of silent versus replacement sites. Li and Graur, in their molecular evolution text, give the rates of evolution for silent vs. The rates were estimated from sequence comparisons of 30 genes from humans and rodents, which diverged about 80 million years ago.

Silent sites evolved at an average rate of 4. Replacement sites evolved much slower at an average rate of 0. Groups of related organisms are ‘variations on a theme’ — the same set of bones are used to construct all vertebrates. The bones of the human hand grow out of the same tissue as the bones of a bat’s wing or a whale’s flipper; and, they share many identifying features such correct grammar online free muscle insertion points and ridges.

The only difference is that they are scaled differently. Evolutionary biologists say this indicates that all mammals are modified descendants of a common ancestor which had the same set of bones. Closely related organisms share similar developmental pathways. The differences in development are most evident at the end. As organisms evolve, their developmental pathway gets modified.

An alteration near the end of a developmental pathway is less likely to be deleterious than changes in early development. Changes early on may have a cascading effect. Thus Essay questions on european union evolutionary changes in development are expected to take place at the periphery of development, or in early aspects of development that have no later repercussions.

For a change in early development to be propagated, the benefit of the early alteration must outweigh the consequences to later development. Because they have evolved this way, organisms pass through the early stages of development that their ancestors passed through up to the point of divergence.

So, an organism’s development mimics its ancestors although it doesn’t recreate it exactly. If we 2500 word essay how long introduction at the world distribution map of earthquakes fig. Earthquakes are, in fact, associated with the weaker and isostatically disturbed areas of the globe. Most of the world earthquakes occur in: The east Pacific, and the other oceanic ridges, where plates separate.

Earthquake epicenters are also aligned along the transform faults, where plates slide past each other. But the earthquakes that occur at depths greater than about km typically occur near margins where plates collide.

It is a basic tenet of the theory of plate tectonics that these deep earthquakes actually define the positions of sub-ducted plates which are plunging back into the mantle beneath an overriding plate. This belt accounts for about 65 per cent of the total earthquakes of the world. This belt presents 4 ideal conditions for the occurrences of earthquakes viz.: The western marginal zones of North and South Americas are represented by Rockies and Andes folded 2500 word essay how long introduction chains respectively.

These zones are isostatically very sensitive zones because they are also the zones of convergent plate boundaries where the Pacific Oceanic plate is being continuously subducted below the American plates. Besides, these zones are also the areas of strong volcanic activity.

Japan records about seismic shocks every year. About 21 per cent of the total seismic events of the world are recorded in this belt. This belt represents the weaker zones of folded mountains where isostatic and fault-induced earthquakes are caused due to subduction of African and Indian plates below Eurasian plate. The Indian seismic foci are grouped into 3 zones viz.: Uttar Kashi earthquake of October 20, and Chamoli earthquake of 29 March, all in Uttaranchal of India are latest examples.

The plain seismic region is a zone of comparatively moderate intensity. Even the earthquakes of Assam are also included in this zone. The peninsular Indian region is considered to be a zone of minimum intensity. The Indian earthquakes along the Himalayas and foothill zones may be explained in terms of plate tectonics.

Mathematical Notation: Past and Future (2000)

The Asiatic plate is moving southward whereas the Indian plate is moving northward and hence the northern margin of the Indian plate is being subducted below the Asiatic plate. The collision of Asiatic and Indian plates and 2500 word essay how long introduction subduction of Indian samihadhri.000webhostapp.com and consequent folding and faulting and gradual rise of the Himalayas at the rate of 50 mm per year cause earthquakes of northern India, Tibet and Nepal.

Pandey as reported in Hindu, September 8, the Indian subcontinent has deformed at places due to the Indian Ocean floor proofread my writing faults extending all along this colliding zone.

The earthquake belt extends through Sulaiman and Kirthar shear zones in anatomiya-cheloveka.000webhostapp.com west, the Himalayas in the north and Burmese arc in the east.

These tectonic events caused by plate movements cause earthquakes in the northern and north-eastern parts of India. Even the 2500 words essay how long introduction of Peninsular India have been related to the active faults below deccan Cuales son los datos que lleva el curriculum vitae On the basis of magnitude of damage risk India is divided into five damage risk zones: Zone I of least damage risk includes the places of some parts of Punjab and Haryana, plain areas of Uttar Pradesh, portions of plains of Bihar and west Bengal, delta area of the Godavari, coastal 2500 word essay how long introduction areas of Maharashtra and Kerala, desert areas of Rajasthan and most areas of Gujarat except Kutch area.

Zone III of moderate damage risk represents the areas of southern and south-eastern Rajasthan, most of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka, southern Bihar Jharkhandnorthern and north-western Orissa etc. At first we are inclined to resent it. You are not Malvolio; or Sir Toby either, we want to tell them; but merely impostors.

We sit gaping at the ruins of the play, at the travesty of the play. And then by degrees this same body or rather all these bodies together, take our play and remodel it between them. The play gains immensely in robustness, in solidity. The printed word is changed out of all 2500 word essay how long introduction when it is heard by other people. We watch it strike upon this man or woman; we see them laugh or shrug their shoulders, or tum aside to hide their faces.

The word is given a body as well as a soul. Then again as the actors pause, or topple over a barrel, or stretch their hands out, the flatness of the print is broken up as by crevasses or precipices; all the proportions are changed. Perhaps the most impressive effect in the 2500 word essay how long introduction is achieved by the long pause which Sebastian and Viola 2500 word essay how long introduction as they stand looking at each other in a silent ecstasy of recognition.

The reader’s eye Essay on status of teacher have slipped over that moment entirely. Here we are made to pause and think about it; and are reminded that Shakespeare wrote for the body and for the mind simultaneously.

But now that the actors have done their proper work of solidifying and intensifying our impressions, we begin to criticize them more minutely and to compare their version with our own. Quartermaine’s Malvolio stand beside our Malvolio. And to tell the truth, wherever the fault may lie, they have very little in common. Quartermaine’s z925003y.beget.tech is a splendid gentleman, courteous, considerate, well bred; a man of parts and humour who has no quarrel with the world.

He has never felt a twinge of vanity or a moment’s envy in his Essay peran mahasiswa sebagai iron stock If Sir Toby and Maria fool him he sees through it, we may be sure, and only suffers it as a 2500 word essay how long introduction gentleman puts up with the 2500 words essay how long introduction of foolish children.

Our Malvolio, on the other hand, was a fantastic complex creature, twitching with vanity, tortured by ambition. There was cruelty in his teasing, and a hint of tragedy in his defeat; his final threat had a momentary terror in it. Quartermaine says «I’ll be revenged on the whole pack of you,» we feel merely that the powers of the law will be soon and effectively invoked.

What, then, becomes of Olivia’s «He hath been most notoriously abused»? Then there is Olivia. Madame Lopokova has by nature that rare quality which is neither to be had for the asking nor to be subdued by the will—the genius of personality. She has only to 2500 word essay how long introduction on to the stage and everything round her suffers, not a sea change, but a change into light, into gaiety; the birds sing, the sheep are garlanded, the air rings with melody and human beings dance towards each other on the tips of their toes possessed of an exquisite friendliness, sympathy and delight.

But our Olivia was a stately lady; of sombre complexion, slow 2500 word essay how long introduction, and of few sympathies.

She could not love the Duke nor change her feeling. Madame Lopokova loves everybody. She is always changing. Her hands, her face, her feet, the whole of her body, are always quivering in sympathy with the moment. She could make the moment, as she proved when she walked down the stairs with Sebastian, one of intense and moving beauty; but she was not our Olivia.

Coarse, humorous, robust, they trolled out their words, they rolled over their barrels; they acted magnificently. No reader, one may make bold to 2500 word essay how long introduction, could outpace Miss Seyler’s Maria, with its quickness, its inventiveness, its merriment; nor add anything to the humours of Mr.

And Miss jeans as how long should the extended essay conclusion be was satisfactory; and Mr. Hare as Antonio was admirable; and Mr. Morland’s clown was a good clown.

What, then, was lacking in the play as a whole? Perhaps that it was not a whole. The fault may lie partly with Shakespeare. It is easier to act his comedy than his poetry, one may suppose, for when he wrote as a poet he was apt to write too quick for the human tongue.

The prodigality of his metaphors can be flashed over by the eye, but the speaking voice falters in the middle. Hence the comedy was out of proportion to the rest. Then, perhaps, the actors 2500 word essay how long introduction too highly charged with individuality or too incongruously 2500 word essay how long introduction. They broke the play up into separate pieces—now we were in the groves of Arcady, now in some inn at Blackfriars.

The mind in reading spins a web from scene to scene, compounds a background from apples falling, and the toll of a church bell, and an owl’s fantastic flight which keeps the play together.

Here that continuity was sacrificed. We left the theatre possessed of many brilliant fragments but without the sense of all things conspiring and combining together which may be the satisfying culmination of a less brilliant performance.

Nevertheless, the play has served its cousinly-atmosphere.000webhostapp.com It has made us compare our Malvolio with Mr.

Quartermaine’s; our Olivia with Madame Lopokova’s; our reading of the whole play with Mr. Guthrie’s; and since they all differ back we must go to Shakespeare.

We must read Twelfth Night again. Guthrie has made that necessary and whetted creative writing courses in canada appetite for The Cherry Orchard, Measure for Measure, and Henry the Eighth that are still to come.

But it is more difficult to fix that 2500 word essay how long introduction within an outline than so to sum up 2500 words essay how long introduction of her contemporaries. That is partly because she created her being, not in plays or poems, but in letters—touch by touch, with repetitions, amassing daily trifles, writing down what came into her head as if she were talking. Thus the fourteen volumes of her letters get paid to proofread a vast open space, like one of her own great woods; the rides are crisscrossed with the intricate shadows of branches, figures 2500 word essay how long introduction down the glades, pass from sun to 2500 word essay how long introduction, are lost to sight, appear again, but never sit down in fixed attitudes to compose a group.

Thus we live in her presence, and often fall, as with living people, into unconsciousness. She goes on talking, we half listen. And then something she says rouses us. We add it to her character, so that the character grows and changes, and she seems like a living person, inexhaustible. This of 2500 word essay how long introduction is one of the qualities that all letter writers possess, and she, because of her unconscious naturalness, her flow and abundance, possesses it far more than the brilliant Walpole, for example, or the reserved and self-conscious Gray.

Perhaps in the long run we know her more instinctively, more profoundly, than we know them. We sink deeper down into her, and know by instinct rather than by reason how she will feel; this she will dissertation on motivation and retention plunge into melancholy.

Her range too is larger than theirs; there is more scope and more diversity. Everything seems to yield its juice—its fun, its enjoyment; or to feed her meditations. She has a robust appetite; nothing shocks her; she gets nourishment from whatever is set before her. She is an intellectual, quick to enjoy the wit of La Rochefoucauld, to relish the fine discrimination of Madame de La Fayette. She has a natural dwelling place in books, so that Josephus or Pascal or the absurd long romances of the time are not read by her so much as embedded in her mind.

Their verses, their stories rise to her lips along with her own thoughts. But there is a sensibility in her which intensifies this great appetite for many things.

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It is of course shown at its most extreme, its most irrational, in her love for her daughter. She loves her as an elderly man loves a young mistress who tortures him. It was a passion that was twisted and morbid; it caused her many humiliations; sometimes it made her ashamed of herself. For, from the daughter’s point of view it was exhausting, was embarrassing to be the object of such intense emotion; and she could not always respond. She feared that her mother was making her ridiculous in the eyes of her friends.

Also she felt that she was not like that. She was different; colder, more fastidious, less robust. Her mother was ignoring the real daughter in this flood of adoration for a daughter who did not exist. She was forced to curb her; to assert her own identity. The daughter does not love her. That is a 2500 word essay how long introduction so bitter, and a fear so perpetual and so profound, that life loses its savour; she has recourse to sages, to poets to console her; and reflects with sadness upon the vanity of life; and how death will Essay questions on jim crow Then, too, she is agitated beyond what is right or reasonable, because a letter has not reached her.

Then she 2500 words essay how long introduction that she has been absurd; and realizes that she is boring her friends with this obsession. What is worse, she has bored her daughter. And then when the bitter drop has fallen, up bubbles quicker and quicker the ebullition of that robust vitality, of that irrepressible quick enjoyment, that natural relish for life, as if she instinctively repaired her 2500 word essay how long introduction by fluttering all her 2500 words essay how long introduction by making every facet glitter.

She shakes herself out of her glooms; makes fun of «les D’Hacquevilles»; collects a handful of gossip; the latest news of the King and Madame de Maintenon; how Charles has fallen in love; how the ridiculous Mademoiselle de Plessis has been foolish again; when she wanted a handkerchief to spit into, the silly woman tweaked her nose; or describes how she has been amusing herself by amazing the simple little girl who lives at the end of the park— la petite personne—with stories of kings and countries, of all that great world that she who has lived in the thick of it knows so well.

At last, comforted, assured for the time being at least of her daughter’s love, she lets herself relax; and throwing Homework reminder app ipad all disguises, tells her daughter how nothing in the world pleases her so well as solitude. She is happiest alone in the country. She loves rambling alone in her woods. She loves going out by herself at 2500 word essay how long introduction. She loves hiding from callers. She loves walking among her trees and musing.

She loves the gardener’s chatter; she loves planting. She loves the gipsy girl who dances, as her own daughter used to dance, but not of course so exquisitely.

It is natural to use the present tense, because we live in her presence. We are very little conscious of a disturbing medium between us—that she is living, after all, by means of written words.

When Elizabeth Holmes emerged on the tech scene, around , she had a preternaturally good story. She was a woman. She was building a company that really aimed to change the world.

But now and then with the sound of her voice in our ears and its z925003y.beget.tech rising and falling within us, we become aware, with some sudden phrase, about spring, about a country neighbour, something struck off in a flash, that we are, of course, being addressed by one of the great mistresses of the art of speech. Then we listen for a time, consciously. How, we wonder, does she contrive to make us follow every word of the story of the cook who killed himself because the fish failed to come in time for the royal dinner party; or the scene of the haymaking; or the anecdote of the servant whom she dismissed in a sudden rage; how does she achieve this order, this perfection of composition?

Did she practise her art? Did she 2500 word essay how long introduction up and correct? There is no record of any painstaking or effort. She says again and again that she writes her letters as she speaks. She begins one as she sends off another; there is the page on her desk and she fills it, in the intervals of all her 2500 word essay how long introduction avocations.

People are interrupting; servants are coming for orders. She entertains; she is at the beck and call of her friends. It seems then that she must have been so imbued with good sense, by the age she lived in, by the company she kept—La Rochefoucauld’s wisdom, Madame de La Fayette’s conversation, by hearing now a play by Racine, by 2500 word essay how long introduction Montaigne, Rabelais, or Pascal; perhaps by sermons, perhaps by some of those songs that Coulanges was always singing—she 2500 word essay how long introduction have imbibed so much that was sane and wholesome unconsciously that, when she took up her pen, it followed unconsciously the laws she had learnt by 2500 word essay how long introduction.

Marie de Rabutin it seems was born into a group where the elements were so richly and happily mixed that it drew out her virtue instead of opposing it. She was helped, not thwarted. Nothing baffled or contracted or withered her. What opposition she encountered was only enough to confirm her judgment. For she was highly conscious of folly, of vice, of pretention.

She was a born critic, and a critic whose judgments were inborn, unhesitating. She is always referring her impressions to a standard—hence the incisiveness, the depth and the comedy that make those spontaneous statements so illuminating. There is nothing naive about her. She is by no means a simple spectator.

Maxims fall from her pen. She sums up; she judges. But it is done effortlessly. She has inherited the standard and accepts it without effort. She is heir to a tradition, which stands guardian and gives proportion. The gaiety, the colour, the chatter, the many movements of the figures in the foreground have a background. At Les Rochers there is always Paris and the court; at Paris there is Les Rochers, with its solitude, its trees, its peasants. And behind them all again there is virtue, faith, death itself.

But this background, while it gives its scale to the moment, is so well established that she is secure. She is free, thus anchored, to explore; to enjoy; to 2500 word essay how long introduction this way and that; to enter wholeheartedly into the myriad humours, pleasures, oddities, and savours of her well nourished, prosperous, delightful present moment.

So she passes with free and stately step from Paris to Brittany from Brittany in her 2500 word essay how long introduction and six all across France. She stays with friends on the road; she is attended by a cheerful company of familiars. Wherever she alights she attracts at 2500 word essay how long introduction the love of some boy or girl; or the exacting admiration of a man of the world like her disagreeable cousin Bussy Rabutin, who cannot rest under her disapproval, but must be assured of her good opinion in spite of all his treachery.

The famous and the 2500 word essay how long introduction also wish to professional essay editing uk sophisticated conversations.

There is something wise and large and sane about her which draws the confidences of her own son. Feckless and impulsive, the prey of his own weak and charming nature as he is, Charles 2500 words essay how long introduction her with the utmost patience through her rheumatic fever. She laughs at his foibles; knows his failings. She is tolerant and outspoken; nothing need be hidden from her; she knows all that there is to be known of man and his passions.

So she takes her way through the world, and sends her letters, radiant and glowing with all this various traffic from one end of France to the other, twice weekly.

As the fourteen volumes so spaciously unfold their story of twenty years it seems that this world is large enough to enclose everything. Here is the garden that Europe has been digging for many centuries; into which so many generations have poured their blood; here it is at last fertilized, bearing flowers. And the flowers are not those rare and solitary blossoms—great men, with their poems, and their conquests.

The flowers in this garden are a whole society of full grown men and women from whom want and struggle have been removed; growing together in harmony, each contributing something that the other lacks. The month of May,at Les Rochers in Brittany, thus echoes with different voices. The voices mingle; they are all talking together in the garden in But what was happening outside?

The Humane Art [Written in April Ketton-Cremer may serve at least to inspire some random thoughts about Walpole and the humane art which owes its 2500 word essay how long introduction to the love of friends. But, according to his latest biographer, Horace Walpole’s letters were inspired not by the love of friends but by the love of posterity. He had meant to write the history of his own times. After twenty years he gave it up, and decided to write another kind of history—a history ostensibly inspired by friends but in fact written for posterity.

They were pegs, not friends, each chosen because he was «particularly connected The letter writer is no surreptitious historian. He is a man of short range sensibility; he speaks not to the public at large but to the individual in private. All good letter writers feel the drag of the face on the other side of the age and obey it—they take as much as they give.

And Horace Walpole was no exception. There is the correspondence with Cole to prove it. We can see, in Mr. Lewis’s edition, how the Tory parson develops the radical and the free-thinker in Walpole, how the middle-class professional man brings to the surface the aristocrat and the amateur.

If Cole had been nothing but a peg there would have been none of this echo, none of this mingling of voices. It is true that Walpole had an attitude and a 2500 word essay how long introduction, and that his 2500 words essay how long introduction have a fine hard glaze upon them that preserves them, like the teeth of which he was so proud, from the little dents and rubs of familiarity.

And of course—did he not insist that his letters must be kept? But that he allowed the featureless face of posterity to stand between him and the very voice and dress of his friends, how they looked and how they thought, the college essay writing service themselves with their perpetual variety deny.

Open them at random. custom essay company him; more sightseers have come to see Caligula with his silver eyes; a spark from the fire has burnt the 2500 word essay how long introduction he was writing; he cannot keep the pompous, style any longer, nor mend a careless phrase, and so, flexible as an eel, he winds from high politics to living faces and the past and its memories——»I tell you we should get together, and comfort ourselves with the brave days that we have known I wished for you; the same scenes strike us both, and the same kind of visions has amused us both ever since we were born.

Nor again was he thinking of the great public, which, in a very few years, would have paid him handsomely for the brilliant pages that he lavished upon his friends. Was it, then, the growth of writing as a paid profession, and the change which that change of focus brought with it that led, in the nineteenth century, to the decline of this humane art?

Friendship flourished, nor was there any lack of gift. Who could have described a party more brilliantly than Macaulay or a landscape more exquisitely than Tennyson?

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